Etiology and the pathology of addiction

Etiology and the pathology of addiction

Question 5:

What is the current thinking regarding the etiology and the pathology of addiction?  Are there brain changes that occur with addiction?  What about maternal use of substances; are there short and longterm fetal consequences?

1. You may examine the information from links below

Understanding Drug Use and Addiction

Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction

The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction: The Basics