How to design an abstract?
It happens that a student brings the teacher a wonderful, deep essay that reveals the topic, and the teacher wraps up the work due to incorrect design. It is especially offensive to receive such a surprise before the test or exam, which is not allowed without a valid abstract. So, the design of the abstract is not a trifle.
Yet, there is nothing complicated in the rules for preparing an abstract. Problems usually arise with freshmen who do not yet know how to draw up an essay (because they were too lazy to find out before submitting). But this article will help those who did not take a training manual at the department and thought about registration the night before the delivery of the work – you must agree, a common situation!
Sometimes it happens with the correct design of an abstract among new student-students. Having decided to earn some money, a novice student thinks that it is enough to write a work, and is very upset when a customer requires improvements with a scandal: the design is not according to the standard. So, it seems to us that this article will also be useful for students.
General rules for writing abstracts
There are several types of abstracts, but in this case, we mean the format of educational work. This is a work that can be called a smaller, simpler version of the term paper. So, the educational abstract is drawn up in general in the same way as coursework and diplomas.
In many universities, and even more so in schools, they approach the design of an abstract less, allowing small deviations from the strict GOST standard. Some faculties have their own rules regarding the design of work, especially title pages (so, in addition to studying the general rules described below, we still recommend taking a training manual at the department; sometimes special requirements are invented by teachers precisely in order to check whether you have read this manual or not?).
But in general, it is enough to follow the basic rules of the choice of font, footnotes, numbering, content design, bibliography, title page.
It is best if you study the rules for preparing an abstract under GOST, which correspond to the standards for the design of more serious research papers. Even if the teacher is not a nitpicker, these skills will not be superfluous. And if you come across a “bureaucrat” from our classification of scientific leaders, then the design of the abstract by GOST will be more important than the content!
How to draw up an abstract?
- Use Times New Roman font. This is not spelled out in GOST, but the practice is already established.
- the size is 14, sometimes 12. It is better to check this point with the teacher. As a rule, the 14th is chosen for educational work, but if the volume of the abstract is large, it makes sense to choose a smaller size. But a larger one is impossible, since the teacher will immediately understand that you are inflating the volume.
- Line spacing is one and a half. A larger interval, again, indicates an attempt to cheat with volume.
- Sheet orientation – portrait. Landscape is sometimes allowed in the design of applications (for example, wide tables).
- Margins: 1.5 cm for the top, 3 cm for the bottom, 1.5 cm for the right and 2.5 cm for the left (1 cm is a margin for filing sheets). Increasing margins is sometimes used by students to increase the number of sheets, but this practice can get in trouble, especially if you are completely insolent and set it in settings 3 – 3 – 3 – 4.
- A4 sheets, density – standard for printing by a printer, white color.
- The text is printed on only one side of the sheet. The turnover must remain clean. By the way, a common mistake among beginners, often writing on both sides, like in a notebook.
- Numbering (in Arabic numerals) is put down from the third sheet (from the introduction). The 1st and 2nd sheets (title and content), according to GOST, are not numbered, but taken into account in the calculation. put, there are no numbers on the first two sheets at the bottom, on the sheet with the introduction – already put “3”. Applications are not numbered.
The title page consists of the following parts:
- A cap with the full name of the educational institution (university, college, school, etc.), the name of the faculty and department, as well as the phrase “Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation” (it is sometimes excluded when making the title page of an abstract). Formatting is centered.
- The inscription “ABSTRACT” with the name of the work and the sign of the discipline. Center formatting. Sometimes the name is indicated simply, without quotation marks, sometimes it fits into the formula … on the topic “Ν” … (the same with the sign of the discipline; specify the specific requirements at the department). Center formatting, positioning approximately in the middle of the sheet (or higher).
- Information about the author (full name, course, sometimes a group or department) and supervisor (full name, position, scientific degree – either in the format “Doctor of History”, “Candidate of Medical Sciences”, or expanded, specify in the manual). This block is located 7 – 9 intervals below the previous one. Please note that the block is on the right, but the first letters of the lines are lined up – you can achieve this arrangement using the Tab key.
- The final block with information about the city in which the educational institution is located and the year of writing the work. Located at the very bottom of the sheet, formatting in the center.
- The main font size for the title page is 14, but the word “ABSTRACT” and the title of the topic are usually set larger.
