Preventing nosocomial infections

Preventing nosocomial infections

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1. Is the use of soap and water or alcohol-based rubs more effective in preventing nosocomial infections?
   1. Quantitative: objectively measurable. Intentional, we can test an effect on an intervention. (Gray, 2016). Multiple Causality: when two or more variables are studied at a time producing an effect.
   2. Strengths:  Healthcare science of epidemiology, pathophysiology have engaged in Multiple Causality design for the past decade ( Gray, 2016).
   3. Rationale: Utilize study versus control/comparison groups, multiple Casualty  allows studying two or more causative factors at a time.  The data collected is prospective in nature of the design.
2. What is the difference in attitudes of male and female college students toward condoms?
   1. Qualitative:  The purposes of qualitative studies include the phenomenon of interest, the population, and often the setting (Gray, 2016). This is because this is related to more of how the subjects feel about the issue at hand. Qualitative analysis techniques use words rather than numbers as the basis of analysis. In qualitative analysis, reasoning flows from the images, documents, or words provided by the participant toward more abstract concepts and themes. Themes are patterns in the data, ideas that are repeated by more than one participant. This reasoning process, inductive thinking, guides the organizing, reducing, and clustering of data (Gray, 2019).  Differences of perception are generally related to reduce pleasure and intimacy while also considering prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (Fehr, 2017).
   2. Strengths include using semi structured interview processes with regards to participants comfort and confidentiality. Weaknesses the researcher’s level of proficiency and ability to interview.  Weaknesses also include samples that are generally not as large as quantitative research studies.  It is also important for the researcher to be aware of their own bias in relation to the issue, in order to not attach their own perceived meaning of the research.  Data collection surrounding electronic and internet interviews have limitations on participants with ability to read and write and that can use the computer.
   3. Rationale:  With Maximum variation sampling as part of the qualitative research design Recruitment of participants who represent potentially different experiences related to the domain of interest.  In this case it would be subjective experiences of male versus female college students in relation to their attitudes towards condoms.
3. What is the relationship between alcohol and breast cancer?
   1. Quantitative: objectively measurable.  Time Dimensional
   2. Strengths include being useful in establishing patterns and trends and therefore are useful data collection prior to interventional design (Gray, 2016). Useful in studying epidemiology and disease occurrence. Weaknesses: Only really able to utilize it for studying causation.
   3. Rationale:  Time Dimensional  descriptive research design, as we are looking at a collective effect over time. Interventional research is not appropriate for investigation of certain health problems.  When studying time dimensional we are collective information over a period of time that would imply a causation including the relationship between alcohol and breast cancer.

Reference:

Fehr, S. K., Vidourek, R. A., King, K. A., & Nabors, L. A. (2017). Perceived Barriers and Benefits of Condom Use among College Students. American Journal of Health Studies, 32(4), 219–233.

PhD, Jennifer R. Gray, PhD, RN, FAAN, Susan K. Grove, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, GNP-BC and Suzanne S. Burns & Grove’s the Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. Available from: South University, (8th Edition). Elsevier Health Sciences (US), [2016

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